AI disruptive innovation
💼 Introduction
We investigate the potential implications of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models and related technologies on the U.S. labor market. Using a new rubric, we assess occupations based on their correspondence with GPT capabilities, incorporating both human expertise and classifications from GPT-4. Our findings indicate that approximately 80% of the U.S. workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of GPTs, while around 19% of workers may see at least 50% of their tasks impacted. The influence spans all wage levels, with higher-income jobs potentially facing greater exposure. Notably, the impact is not limited to industries with higher recent productivity growth. We conclude that Generative Pre-trained Transformers exhibit characteristics of general-purpose technologies (GPTs), suggesting that as these models could have notable economic, social, and policy implications.
📈 List of professions that AI cannot replace
📈 Top 10 Emerging IT.
- Data Analysts and Scientists
- AI and Machine Learning Specialists
- General and Operations Managers
- Software and Applications Developers and Analysts
- Sales and Marketing Professionals
- Big Data Specialists
- Digital Transformation Specialists
- New Technology Specialists
- Organisational Development Specialists
- Information Technology Services
📈 Top 30 Emerging.
- Therapists: Empathy and human connection are crucial for mental health counseling, which AI cannot fully replicate.
- Social workers: Addressing complex social and emotional issues requires deep understanding of human experiences.
- Early childhood educators: Young children need human interaction for cognitive, social, and emotional development.
- Nurses: Human empathy, adaptability, and judgment are essential for patient care
- Artists: Creativity, emotion, and personal expression are uniquely human traits.
- Writers: AI cannot replicate the nuances of human experience or convey emotions as effectively.
- Chefs: AI cannot fully understand the complexities of taste, texture, and presentation in creating unique culinary experiences.
- Hairstylists: Personal style, creativity, and client relationships are vital to success in this industry.
- Personal trainers: Motivation and understanding individual needs are key, requiring human interaction.
- Event planners: Creativity, problem-solving, and people skills are essential for successful event planning.
- Construction workers: Manual labor, adaptability, and on-site problem-solving are difficult to fully automate.
- Occupational therapists: Treatment plans require a deep understanding of human physiology and personal circumstances.
- Archaeologists: Interpretation of historical context and cultural nuances requires human analysis.
- Marine biologists: Fieldwork, ecological understanding, and adaptability to dynamic environments are difficult for AI to replicate.
- Ethicists: Moral reasoning, cultural understanding, and empathy are essential for ethical decision-making.
- Diplomats: Human judgment, cultural sensitivity, and relationship-building are critical in diplomacy.
- Clergy: Spiritual guidance and counseling require a deep understanding of religious and personal beliefs.
- Electricians: Troubleshooting and adaptability to unique situations are necessary skills for this job.
- Plumbers: Problem-solving and hands-on skills are crucial and difficult to automate.
- Small business owners: Entrepreneurship involves creativity, innovation, and personal risk-taking.
- Architects: Designing buildings requires creativity, understanding human needs, and the ability to adapt to unique constraints.
- Veterinarians: Medical care for animals requires empathy, diagnostic skills, and adaptability to different species.
- Coaches: Motivating athletes and understanding individual needs requires human connection and leadership.
- Landscape architects: Designing outdoor spaces involves creativity, human preferences, and environmental awareness.
- Urban planners: Long-term planning for cities requires understanding human needs local culture, and sustainability goals.
- Musicians: Live performances and emotional connection with the audience are crucial for musicians.
- Actors: Conveying emotions and embodying characters are uniquely human abilities.
- Scientists: AI can assist with data analysis, but human curiosity and intuition drive scientific discovery.
- Lawyers: Complex legal issues require human judgment, interpretation, and advocacy skills.
- Judges: Applying the law to unique cases requires empathy, ethical reasoning, and human judgment.
📉 List of professions that AI can replace
📉 Top 20 Declining: here is a chart of 20 jobs that GPT-4 can potentially replace, along with the human traits.
being replaced:| Job | Human trait replaced |
|---|---|
| Data Entry Clerk | Speed and Accuracy |
| Customer Service Representative | Communication and Empathy |
| Proofreader | Attention to Detail |
| Paralegal | Research and Organization |
| Bookkeeper | Mathematical Skills |
| Translator | Language Proficiency |
| Copywriter | Creativity and Writing |
| Market Research Analyst | Analytical Skills |
| Social Media Manager | Content Creation and Curation |
| Appointment Scheduler | Time Management |
| Telemarketer | Persuasion and Communication |
| Virtual Assistant | Multitasking and Organization |
| Transcriptionist | Listening and Typing Skills |
| News Reporter | Fact-checking and Writing |
| Travel Agent | Planning and Coordination |
| Tutor | Knowledge and Teaching |
| Technical Support Analyst | Troubleshooting and Problem-solving |
| Email Marketer | Writing and Targeting |
| Content Moderator | Critical Thinking and Judgment |
| Recruiter | Interviewing and Assessment |
🧠 AI leaders to watch
One way to find out where AI is heading: follow the money. Here’s our analysis of the AI application providers attracting the most attention and funding.
What are the hottest use cases for AI? And which business activities is it most likely to disrupt?
One way to gauge that is to look at which application providers entered the year with the most momentum. These are companies offering solutions for specific—sometimes very specific—corporate or consumer activities, rather than big foundation model players like OpenAI, Google DeepMind, or Anthropic.
Below, we highlight 24 companies to watch in 2024, including 15 “must-know” leaders that already have gained customer traction and market support and 9 “emerging disrupters” that are attracting investor attention and market recognition in this rapidly evolving space. (For more on our selection, see the Methodology section.)
| Company | Application type | Funding round | Total funding | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adept AI | Enterprise operations | Series B | $415,000,000 | Must-know |
| AssemblyAI | Audio and language | Series C | $158,120,000 | Must-know |
| Captions | Multimedia | Series B | $40,000,000 | Emerging |
| Character.ai | Character building | Series A | $150,000,000 | Must-know |
| Cresta | Customer experience | Series C | $151,000,000 | Must-know |
| Descript | Multimedia | Series C | $100,000,000 | Must-know |
| ElevenLabs | Audio and language | Series B | $101,000,000 | Emerging |
| Glean | Enterprise operations | Series D | $358,200,000 | Must-know |
| Harvey | Industry: Legal | Series B | $106,000,000 | Must-know |
| Hippocratic AI | Industry: Healthcare | Series A | $118,000,000 | Emerging |
| Inworld AI | Industry: Gaming | Series A | $125,700,000 | Emerging |
| Jasper | Marketing and sales | Series A | $131,000,000 | Must-know |
| Luma AI | Multimedia | Series B | $68,500,000 | Emerging |
| Magic | Code development | Series B | $145,125,000 | Emerging |
| Midjourney | Multimedia | N/A | Self-funded | Must-know |
| Observe.AI | Customer experience | Series C | $214,020,000 | Must-know |
| Perplexity AI | Consumer search | Series B | $165,300,000 | Emerging |
| Replit | Code development | Series B | $222,020,000 | Must-know |
| Runway | Multimedia | Series C | $236,500,000 | Must-know |
| Synthesia | Multimedia | Series C | $156,600,000 | Must-know |
| Tabnine | Code development | Series B | $57,050,000 | Emerging |
| Tome | Marketing and sales | Series B | $75,300,000 | Must-know |
| Typeface | Marketing and sales | Series B | $165,000,000 | Emerging |
| Writer | Workflow automation | Series B | $126,000,000 | Must-know |